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Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable...
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Development and Validation of a Quantitative PCR Method for Equid Herpesvirus-2 Diagnostics in Respiratory Fluids
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Extensive Schmallenberg virus circulation in Germany, 2023.

Kerstin Wernike1, Luisa Fischer2, Sönke Twietmeyer3

  • 1Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany. kerstin.wernike@fli.de.

Veterinary Research
|October 7, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Schmallenberg virus (SBV) seroprevalence in German wild ruminants surged from 4.92% in 2022 to 40.15% in 2023. This indicates significant SBV circulation, unlike bluetongue virus (BTV), which was undetected.

Keywords:
Schmallenberg virusarbovirusbiting midgesbluetongue virusserologywildlife

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Wildlife Health

Background:

  • Schmallenberg virus (SBV) and bluetongue virus (BTV) are Culicoides midge-borne pathogens affecting ruminants.
  • Understanding their spread is crucial for animal health management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the seroprevalence and geographic spread of SBV and BTV in wild ruminants in western Germany during the 2022 and 2023 vector seasons.
  • To compare SBV and BTV circulation patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Serological testing of wild ruminants from western Germany for antibodies against SBV and BTV.
  • Analysis of seroprevalence data stratified by year and age group.

Main Results:

  • No bluetongue virus (BTV) antibodies were detected in any tested animals.
  • Schmallenberg virus (SBV) seroprevalence increased dramatically from 4.92% in 2022 to 40.15% in 2023.
  • Young animals showed a 31.82% seropositivity rate in 2023, confirming widespread SBV circulation.

Conclusions:

  • Wild ruminants in western Germany experienced a significant increase in Schmallenberg virus exposure between 2022 and 2023.
  • The findings highlight the dynamic nature of SBV epidemiology and the need for ongoing surveillance.
  • Bluetongue virus does not appear to be circulating in this wildlife population during the study period.