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The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
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Primary Lymphoid Organs01:16

Primary Lymphoid Organs

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Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
The red bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue nestled in the interior of long bones such as the humerus and femur. It is the site...
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Secondary Lymphoid Organs01:15

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

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Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
The spleen is a vital organ in the lymphatic system, nestled in the upper left side of the abdomen. It is composed of two primary regions: the red pulp and the white pulp, each having distinct functions. The red pulp performs a significant role in blood filtration. It efficiently purges the blood of old or damaged red blood cells and...
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Goiter01:27

Goiter

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Goiter refers to an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland that may appear as a diffuse goiter (uniform enlargement) or nodular (single or multiple nodules). Functionally, it is classified as nontoxic (normal/low hormone levels) or toxic (excess hormone production).PathophysiologyDiffuse thyroid enlargement typically results from prolonged stimulation by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) or TSH-like agents, commonly seen in hypothyroidism or iodine deficiency. In contrast, in hyperthyroid...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

Isolation of Myeloid Dendritic Cells and Epithelial Cells from Human Thymus
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Ectopic Cervical Thymus in Adult: An Incidental Finding.

Mousmi Agrawal1, Sharmistha Chakravarty2, Rahul Satarkar1

  • 1Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Raipur, CG India.

Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery : Official Publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India
|October 8, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Ectopic cervical thymus (ECT) is a rare adult condition where thymus tissue is found in the neck. This case highlights its incidental discovery during thyroid cancer surgery, emphasizing diagnostic challenges.

Keywords:
AdultThymus glandThyroid neoplasms

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Area of Science:

  • Embryology
  • Anatomic Pathology
  • Surgical Pathology

Background:

  • The thymus, a primary lymphoid organ, typically resides in the mediastinum.
  • Ectopic locations, including the neck, can occur due to developmental anomalies.
  • Ectopic Cervical Thymus (ECT) is exceptionally rare in adults and may present as a mass, cyst, or thymoma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a rare case of Ectopic Cervical Thymus (ECT) incidentally found in an adult.
  • To discuss the diagnostic implications of ECT, which can mimic other neck pathologies.
  • To illustrate the utility of immunohistochemistry in identifying thymic tissue.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of incidental ECT discovery during thyroid carcinoma histopathological examination.
  • Review of relevant embryological development and anatomical variations of the thymus.
  • Application of immunohistochemistry markers to confirm thymic components.

Main Results:

  • An adult patient presented with an incidentally discovered Ectopic Cervical Thymus.
  • The ECT mimicked other pathological masses, highlighting potential diagnostic confusion.
  • Immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of thymic tissue and its components.

Conclusions:

  • Ectopic Cervical Thymus is a rare differential diagnosis for neck masses in adults.
  • Incidental findings require careful histopathological evaluation and immunohistochemical confirmation.
  • Understanding thymic embryology and ectopic presentations is crucial for accurate diagnosis.