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Atypical Mumps; are We Heading Towards an Outbreak?

Rashmi Agarwal1, Ashima Saxena2, Mohnish Grover3

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Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery : Official Publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India
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Summary

India may be experiencing a mumps outbreak with atypical symptoms and increased complications like sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). This study highlights the need for vigilance and mumps immunization to prevent severe outcomes.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Mumps, a viral illness, typically affects children and young adults, causing salivary gland swelling and systemic symptoms.
  • Complications include sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), orchitis, oophoritis, and aseptic meningitis.
  • Recent observations indicate atypical mumps presentations, raising concerns about a potential outbreak in India.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the etiopathogenesis and clinical presentation of atypical mumps cases.
  • To evaluate patients with acute salivary gland swellings across multiple centers in India.
  • To assess the impact of vaccination status and identify risk factors for complications.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective, multicentric study involving 53 patients across five major Indian centers.
  • Data collection included demographics, symptoms, vaccination history, imaging, and treatment outcomes.
  • Patients were followed for four weeks to monitor for delayed complications.

Main Results:

  • Observed a bimodal age distribution with peaks in early adolescents and middle-aged individuals.
  • Fever and salivary gland swelling were predominant; elevated serum amylase and CRP correlated with severity.
  • Significant concerns emerged regarding sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and airway complications.

Conclusions:

  • The study indicates a shift in mumps demographics towards older age groups and increased complications like SNHL.
  • India faces a potential mumps outbreak with atypical features, necessitating early recognition and management of complications.
  • Mumps immunization is crucial to mitigate disease impact, and ENT specialists must monitor for emerging complications.