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Clinical Study and Management of Epistaxis
1Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, MVJ Medical College and Research Hospital, Bengaluru Rural, Hoskote, Bengaluru Rural, Hoskote, Karnataka 562114 India.
Summary
Epistaxis, or nosebleeds, are common, often caused by trauma or infection. Most cases resolve with conservative medical treatment, avoiding costly interventions.
Area of Science:
- Otorhinolaryngology
- Emergency Medicine
Background:
- Epistaxis is a frequent otolaryngologic emergency, impacting up to 60% of individuals.
- Causes are diverse, encompassing local and systemic factors, requiring varied medical and surgical approaches.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the etiopathogenesis and management strategies for epistaxis.
- To analyze patient demographics, common causes, and treatment outcomes.
Main Methods:
- A prospective, hospital-based study involving 100 patients of all ages and genders presenting with epistaxis.
- Data collection included detailed history, clinical examination, and statistical analysis using SPSS software.
Main Results:
- The first decade (26%) and fourth decade (15%) showed the highest incidence, with a male predominance (71%).
- Anterior epistaxis (87%) and bilateral nasal cavity involvement (65%) were most common.
- Key causes included trauma (20%), nasal infections (18%), and hypertension (17%).
- Conservative medical management (80%) was the primary treatment, followed by anterior nasal packing (12%).
Conclusions:
- Epistaxis management requires prompt hemodynamic stabilization and bleeding control.
- Conservative treatment is generally safe, cost-effective, and sufficient for most cases.
- Patient education on avoiding nose picking and vigorous blowing is crucial; severe cases may necessitate invasive interventions.
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