Complex ovarian masses: Diagnostic processes and outcomes in a clinical case series of benign tumors

This case series explores the diagnostic and management complexities of non-malignant ovarian masses, illustrated through three distinct cases: struma ovarii, mature teratoma, and ovarian mass with peritoneal splenosis. The first case details a struma ovarii initially misinterpreted as a potential malignancy due to its complex imaging features, leading to diagnostic uncertainty. The second case involves a mature teratoma, which, despite typical imaging characteristics, presented significant symptoms that necessitated careful clinical management. The third case highlights an ovarian mass with peritoneal splenosis, a condition often mistaken for metastatic disease, underscoring the need for differential diagnosis, particularly in patients with a history of splenic trauma or surgery. These cases emphasize the importance of a comprehensive diagnostic approach that integrates detailed imaging, surgical findings, and histopathological examination to accurately distinguish between benign and malignant ovarian masses and inform appropriate management strategies.