Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators01:18

Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators

341
γ-aminobutyric acid or GABA, plays a pivotal role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA pathway potentiators, also known as GABAergic drugs, are a class of pharmaceutical agents designed to enhance the functioning of the GABAergic system. These medications primarily treat epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
The key GABA pathway potentiators used in epilepsy management are as follows.
Benzodiazepines are a well-known class of drugs used for...
341
Aging01:26

Aging

38
Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
38
Cognitive Enhancers: Cholinesterase Inhibitors and NMDA Receptor Antagonists01:30

Cognitive Enhancers: Cholinesterase Inhibitors and NMDA Receptor Antagonists

106
Cognitive enhancers, also known as "smart drugs," are substances used to enhance memory, mental alertness, and concentration. These can be natural or synthetic and improve cognition in conditions like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Some common examples include caffeine, amphetamines, methylphenidate, modafinil, arecoline, donepezil, vortioxetine, and piracetam. These enhancers work on the principle of synaptic plasticity and altered circuit function.
106
Anxiolytic Drugs: Overview01:26

Anxiolytic Drugs: Overview

238
Anxiolytic drugs are vital in managing anxiety disorders by effectively alleviating symptoms such as excessive fear, tachycardia, and tremors. There are several classes of anxiolytic medications, each with unique mechanisms of action and potential side effects.
Primary Types of Anxiolytic Drugs
1. Benzodiazepines:
Benzodiazepines bind to the GABA-A receptor in the brain, enhancing GABA's interaction. This action reduces neurotransmission, effectively blocking anxiety-associated limbic...
238
Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists01:14

Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists

292
Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...
292
Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism01:30

Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism

2.2K
Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that play a vital role in intercellular communication and functions of the nervous system. They allow the influx of ions across the membrane once the neurotransmitter binds, allowing the subsequent transmission of electrical excitation across the neurons. Other ligand-gated ion channels, like the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, permit anions like chloride into the cells on the binding of the GABA molecule. Their entry into the cell...
2.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation Combined with Physical Therapy for Individuals with Parkinson's Disease: A Pilot Randomized Sham-Controlled Trial.

Neurology international·2026
Same author

Mechanisms associated with tDCS as an adjuvant to shortened phonomotor treatment in chronic post-stroke aphasia.

Neuroimage. Reports·2026
Same author

Are We Treating More Than Pain? Restless Legs Syndrome Outcomes After Lumbar Laminectomy for Radiculopathy.

Neurosurgery·2026
Same author

Interlobular Septal Thickening: A Pictorial Review.

Journal of computer assisted tomography·2026
Same author

The neuroplasticity-based model (NBM): an updated neurorehabilitation model that emphasizes evidence-informed strategies to induce neuroplastic changes.

Disability and rehabilitation·2026
Same author

Functional Reorganization of Motor Subcircuits in Parkinson's disease.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

The Geometric Signatures of Brain State Transitions: Recursive Informational Curvature Reveals Hidden Dynamics in Primate Cortex.

Neuroscience insights·2026
Same journal

Neuromodulation of Working Memory: Mechanisms, Targets, and Behavioral Outcomes.

Neuroscience insights·2026
Same journal

Effects of Sex, Estradiol, and Acute Stress on Spontaneous Recovery of a Conditioned Touchscreen Response in Rats.

Neuroscience insights·2026
Same journal

Activity and State-Dependent Modulation of Salt Taste Behavior Via Pharyngeal Neurons in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>.

Neuroscience insights·2026
Same journal

Mature Schwann Cells Derived From Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Promote Peripheral Nerve Regeneration In Vivo.

Neuroscience insights·2026
Same journal

Re-Examination and Extension of Manual Dexterity Behavioral Data in M1 Lesioned Adult Macaque Monkeys: A Survey of Therapies Induced Enhancement of Functional Recovery.

Neuroscience insights·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2025

Combined Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Electroencephalography of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex
07:42

Combined Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Electroencephalography of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex

Published on: August 17, 2018

11.7K

GABA, Aging and Exercise: Functional and Intervention Considerations.

Tom S Novak1, Keith M McGregor2,3, Lisa C Krishnamurthy1,4,5

  • 1Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Neuroscience Insights
|October 8, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Regular exercise may help maintain cognitive health in aging by restoring brain function. This review explores how exercise impacts the GABAergic system, crucial for inhibitory processes, to support brain health.

Keywords:
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)cortical inhibitionmagnetic resonance spectroscopytranscranial magnetic stimulation

More Related Videos

Getting to Compliance in Forced Exercise in Rodents: A Critical Standard to Evaluate Exercise Impact in Aging-related Disorders and Disease
10:19

Getting to Compliance in Forced Exercise in Rodents: A Critical Standard to Evaluate Exercise Impact in Aging-related Disorders and Disease

Published on: August 22, 2014

14.2K
Inhibitory Synapse Formation in a Co-culture Model Incorporating GABAergic Medium Spiny Neurons and HEK293 Cells Stably Expressing GABAA Receptors
07:51

Inhibitory Synapse Formation in a Co-culture Model Incorporating GABAergic Medium Spiny Neurons and HEK293 Cells Stably Expressing GABAA Receptors

Published on: November 14, 2014

17.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 11, 2025

Combined Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Electroencephalography of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex
07:42

Combined Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Electroencephalography of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex

Published on: August 17, 2018

11.7K
Getting to Compliance in Forced Exercise in Rodents: A Critical Standard to Evaluate Exercise Impact in Aging-related Disorders and Disease
10:19

Getting to Compliance in Forced Exercise in Rodents: A Critical Standard to Evaluate Exercise Impact in Aging-related Disorders and Disease

Published on: August 22, 2014

14.2K
Inhibitory Synapse Formation in a Co-culture Model Incorporating GABAergic Medium Spiny Neurons and HEK293 Cells Stably Expressing GABAA Receptors
07:51

Inhibitory Synapse Formation in a Co-culture Model Incorporating GABAergic Medium Spiny Neurons and HEK293 Cells Stably Expressing GABAA Receptors

Published on: November 14, 2014

17.4K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Aging populations face increased risks of cognitive decline and related pathologies.
  • Cardiovascular fitness through exercise shows promise for maintaining cognitive health in older adults.
  • Mechanisms linking exercise to improved brain health, particularly the role of neurotransmitters, require further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the opposing effects of aging and exercise on cortical inhibition and the GABAergic system.
  • To highlight advancements in assessing GABAergic system integrity using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS).
  • To discuss future research directions for understanding GABAergic mechanisms in aging and exercise.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on aging, exercise, and brain health.
  • Focus on in vivo measurements including transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS).
  • Analysis of studies investigating the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system's function.

Main Results:

  • Aging negatively impacts cortical inhibition and GABAergic system function.
  • Exercise appears to counteract these age-related declines, potentially by restoring GABAergic processes.
  • Advances in TMS and MRS provide enhanced tools for studying GABAergic integrity.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the interplay between aging, exercise, and the GABAergic system is crucial for cognitive health.
  • Exercise may mitigate age-related cognitive decline by positively influencing GABA levels and function.
  • Targeted interventions based on GABAergic mechanisms could improve brain health in aging.