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Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
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Positive inotropic agents are commonly used as the first line of treatment for heart failure. One such agent is digoxin, derived from the genus Digitalis, which has been known for centuries but effectively utilized since 1785. However, these cardiac glycosides can have potentially toxic effects due to their mechanism of action, which involves inhibiting Na+/K+-ATPase and increasing contractility. Digoxin is absorbed orally and distributed in various tissues, including the CNS. It has a long...
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Neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors are distributed across the GI tract, vagal afferents, and key CNS regions including the central vomiting center and chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) Chemotherapy agents stimulate enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to release large amounts of substance P (SP). SP is a neuropeptide released by specific sensory nerves in response to many different stressors, including those in the GI mucosa affected by chemotherapy.  SP binds and activates...
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Myocarditis is an inflammatory condition of the myocardium requiring meticulous nursing management for optimal patient outcomes. Effective management begins with a thorough assessment of the patient's medical history, paying close attention to past infections, autoimmune disorders, travel history, and exposure to toxins or drugs. Recent viral infections and systemic diseases are particularly relevant due to their potential role in triggering myocarditis.Physical Examination and MonitoringThe...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2025

Chemotherapy-induced Vascular Toxicity - Real-time In vivo Imaging of Vessel Impairment
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Inflammation in Chemotherapy-Induced Cardiotoxicity.

Elizabeth Hutchins1, Eric H Yang1,2, Ashley F Stein-Merlob3,4

  • 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Current Cardiology Reports
|October 8, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Inflammation drives chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity, particularly anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy (AIC). Understanding these inflammatory pathways aids early detection and cardioprotective strategies for patients.

Keywords:
AnthracyclinesCancer treatment related cardiac dysfunctionCardio-oncologyCardioprotectionDoxorubicinInflammation

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Oncology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Chemotherapy, especially anthracyclines, can cause cardiotoxicity.
  • Anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy (AIC) is a significant concern in cancer patients.
  • Inflammation plays a critical role in the development of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of inflammation in chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity.
  • To focus on inflammation in anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy (AIC).
  • To discuss clinical implications for early detection and cardioprotection in AIC.

Main Methods:

  • Review of cellular-level inflammation associated with anthracyclines.
  • Analysis of clinical implications of inflammatory mechanisms.
  • Examination of emerging evidence for biomarkers and imaging in AIC detection.

Main Results:

  • Key inflammatory pathways in AIC include cytokine release, TLR activation, and inflammasome activation.
  • Inflammatory biomarkers and advanced imaging show promise for early AIC detection.
  • Both traditional and novel anti-inflammatory therapies may prevent and treat AIC.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding AIC inflammation offers new avenues for early detection and targeted cardioprotection.
  • This knowledge can inform strategies for other forms of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity.
  • Targeting inflammation is crucial for managing anthracycline cardiotoxicity.