Self-Harm Behavior and Suicidality Among Adolescents in Samara Region

Area of Science:

• Psychiatry
• Public Health
• Adolescent Psychology

Background:

• Self-harm behavior presents a significant global health challenge, with high prevalence rates observed in Russia, particularly among adolescents and young adults (15-29 years).
• Suicide remains a critical issue, ranking as the fourth leading cause of death for individuals aged 15-29.
• Understanding the specific statistics and psychosocial factors related to suicidality and non-suicidal self-harm behavior (NSSH) in vulnerable populations is crucial for effective intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

• To present statistical data on suicidality and NSSH among adolescents in the Samara region.
• To identify psychosocial differences between first-time and repeat hospitalizations for self-harm and suicidal behaviors.
• To inform diagnostic and preventive strategies for adolescent suicidal behavior.

Main Methods:

• A retrospective chart analysis was conducted on adolescents hospitalized for suicidal ideation or attempts in 2023.
• Data were collected from hospital records, ensuring a diverse sample of adolescent patients.
• The study focused on identifying key demographic, familial, and clinical factors associated with hospitalizations.

Main Results:

• The study included 76 adolescents, with a notable gender imbalance (84.2% female).
• Chronic family conflicts, rather than family structure, were identified as a primary influential factor.
• Non-suicidal self-harm behavior was more prevalent in repeat hospitalizations, while suicidal thoughts were similarly distributed across initial and repeat admissions. The primary motivations for NSSH were seeking control or emotional pain relief, with only 2.6% of cases directly targeting suicide.

Conclusions:

• Female gender, adverse family environments, and a history of NSSH are significant risk factors for adolescent suicidal behavior.
• NSSH, while not directly suicidal, is a critical indicator that elevates the risk of future suicidal behavior.
• These identified factors are essential considerations for the diagnosis and prevention of suicidal behavior in adolescents.