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MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...

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Exploring circulating MiRNA signature for osteosarcoma detection: Bioinformatics-based analyzing and validation.

Negar Heidari¹, Massoud Vosough², Abolfazl Bagherifard³

¹Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Advanced Technology in Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran.

Pathology, Research and Practice

|October 8, 2024

Summary

Early detection of osteosarcoma (OS) is challenging. This study identifies four circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) as a promising diagnostic tool for OS, aiding early diagnosis and prognosis.

Keywords:

Circulating miRNA Early Detection Micro RNA Osteosarcoma P53 signaling Wnt signaling

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Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Molecular Biology
Oncology

Background:

Early detection and treatment of osteosarcoma (OS) remain critical challenges.
Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) present a non-invasive method for assessing OS molecular profiles.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify novel circulating miRNA biomarkers for early osteosarcoma detection.
To establish a diagnostic model for differentiating OS patients from healthy individuals.
To explore the role of identified miRNAs in OS pathogenesis and prognosis.

Main Methods:

Utilized RNA sequencing and PCR Array data from public databases (PRJEB30542, GSE65071).
Identified differentially expressed miRNAs using statistical analysis.
Developed a diagnostic model via multivariate logistic regression.
Performed target gene prediction and functional enrichment analyses.

Main Results:

Identified 43 differentially expressed miRNAs in OS plasma samples.
A diagnostic panel of four miRNAs (hsa-miR-30a-5p, hsa-miR-556-3p, hsa-miR-200a-3p, hsa-miR-582-5p) showed high diagnostic efficacy (AUC: 0.917).
Down-regulation of these miRNAs correlated with poor prognosis and suggested tumor suppressor functions.

Conclusions:

The identified four-miRNA signature serves as a promising non-invasive biomarker for osteosarcoma early diagnosis.
These miRNAs are implicated in key signaling pathways (P53, Wnt) and OS metastasis.
The findings support potential applications in prognosis and targeted therapy for osteosarcoma.