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Related Concept Videos

The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Related Experiment Video

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miRNA Expression Analyses in Prostate Cancer Clinical Tissues
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The Immune Microenvironment in Prostate Cancer: A Comprehensive Review.

Rene Novysedlak1, Miray Guney2, Majd Al Khouri2

  • 1Third Department of Surgery, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czechia.

Oncology
|October 9, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Prostate cancer (PCa) has an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Understanding immune cell roles and targeting immunosuppression can improve immunotherapy effectiveness for PCa patients.

Keywords:
CD4CD8ImmunologyImmunotherapyMetastaticMyeloid-derived suppressor cellsNeutrophilsProstate tumorT cellsTertiary lymphoid structuresTumor-associated macrophages

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Prostate cancer (PCa) exhibits significant immunosuppression, characterized by reduced cytotoxic T cell activity and impaired antigen presentation.
  • Elevated regulatory T cells (Tregs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are linked to poor outcomes and therapeutic resistance in PCa.
  • Immune checkpoint molecules (PD-1/PD-L1, TIM-3) and specific T cell subsets (Th17) contribute to PCa progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the complex immune microenvironment (TME) in prostate cancer (PCa).
  • To elucidate the roles of various immune cells (TAMs, Tregs, T cells, NK cells) in PCa progression and suppression.
  • To discuss the challenges posed by PCa's low immunogenicity for immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of studies on the PCa immune microenvironment.
  • Analysis of immune cell infiltration and their correlation with clinical outcomes.
  • Examination of the impact of therapeutic interventions, such as chemotherapy, on the TME.

Main Results:

  • Cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and Th1 cells infiltration correlates with improved survival in PCa.
  • Increased Tregs and TAMs are associated with tumor progression, metastasis, and resistance to therapy.
  • Tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) and natural killer (NK) cells have dual roles, with higher NK cell levels indicating better prognosis.

Conclusions:

  • PCa's TME is characterized by a complex interplay of immune cells that influences tumor progression and therapeutic response.
  • Targeting immunosuppressive cells and enhancing tumor immunogenicity, potentially through chemotherapy, offers therapeutic promise for PCa.
  • Understanding these immune dynamics is crucial for developing effective immunotherapies for prostate cancer.