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Updated: Jun 11, 2025

Closure of a Patent Foramen Ovale PFO: An Intervention Sequence
Published on: December 23, 2022
Management of PFO in paradoxical embolic stroke with hemorrhagic conversion: a case report
Michael Sabina1, Aqeel Khanani1, Joshua Tsai1
1Graduate Medical Education, Internal Medicine, Lakeland Regional Health Medical Center, Lakeland, FL, United States.
Abstract:
A paradoxical embolism is defined as a venous thrombus that crosses through a heart defect, into the systemic circulation, usually through a patent foramen ovale. Treatment varies between closure of patent foramen ovale vs. medical management based on a variety of individual risk factors and the cardiac defect's characteristics. We describe a case of paradoxical stroke complicated by hemorrhagic conversion, ultimately requiring an IVC filter.
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