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Atraumatic splenic rupture: a case report.

Jeremy Santarelli1, Rami Alattar1, Leslie R Elmore1

  • 1Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

AME Case Reports
|October 9, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Spontaneous splenic rupture, though rare, requires prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent severe complications. This case highlights a true spontaneous splenic rupture in an elderly female, emphasizing the need for timely intervention.

Area of Science:

  • Medicine
  • Surgery
  • Emergency Medicine

Background:

  • Spontaneous splenic rupture is a rare clinical event, often linked to underlying hematologic, neoplastic, or infectious conditions.
  • Infectious mononucleosis caused by Epstein-Barr virus is a common worldwide cause of spontaneous splenic rupture.
  • True spontaneous splenic rupture without an identifiable underlying cause is considered exceedingly rare.

Observation:

  • A 73-year-old female presented with acute left flank pain radiating to the shoulder.
  • Computed tomography revealed an acute splenic injury with hemoperitoneum, indicating splenic rupture.
  • The patient underwent emergent exploratory laparotomy and splenectomy.

Findings:

  • The case describes a true spontaneous splenic rupture in an elderly female without a clear underlying cause.
Keywords:
Spleencase reportperitonitisrupturesplenectomy

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  • Prompt diagnosis and surgical intervention (splenectomy) were crucial for managing the splenic rupture.
  • The patient recovered well following the splenectomy and received post-operative vaccinations.

    • Implications:

    • Early diagnosis and treatment of atraumatic splenic rupture are critical due to high associated morbidity and mortality.
    • Splenectomy remains the primary treatment for splenic rupture, alongside resuscitation.
    • While non-operative management is reported for stable patients, its long-term outcomes are uncertain; spontaneous splenic rupture warrants urgent consideration in differential diagnoses.