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Osteochondroma versus Chondrosarcoma a Diagnostic Dilemma - a Case Report
I Muni Srikanth1, Vineet Thomas Abraham1, Prashant Pranesh Joshi2
1Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports
|October 9, 2024
Summary
This case report highlights an unusual osteochondroma in a teenager that mimicked malignant transformation. Despite concerning imaging, histopathology confirmed a benign tumor, emphasizing the importance of biopsy for diagnosis.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedic Oncology
- Skeletal Radiology
- Surgical Pathology
Background:
- Osteochondroma is a common benign bone tumor, typically presenting before skeletal maturity.
- Malignant transformation is rare, occurring in 1-5% of cases.
- Atypical presentations can mimic malignancy, posing diagnostic challenges.
Observation:
- A 17-year-old male presented with a 12-year history of thigh swelling.
- Radiological imaging suggested malignant transformation with local invasion and lung nodules.
- Despite concerning features, positron emission tomography scan showed no metastasis.
Findings:
- Histopathological examination of the excised tumor confirmed it to be a benign osteochondroma.
- There was a significant discrepancy between the radiological suspicion of malignancy and the final histopathological diagnosis.
- This case represents an atypical presentation of osteochondroma with features suggestive of malignant transformation.
Implications:
- Excisional biopsy is crucial for definitive diagnosis in cases of diagnostic uncertainty regarding osteochondroma.
- Regular follow-up is essential to monitor for recurrence or metastatic disease.
- This case underscores the importance of correlating imaging findings with histopathology for accurate patient management.
