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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions02:06

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Post-marketing surveillance is a critical component of pharmaceutical regulation, often uncovering unanticipated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) once a drug is widely used over an extended period.
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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions01:29

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Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...
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Multistate foodborne outbreaks pose significant public health risks and require meticulous investigation to identify sources and implement control measures. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) utilizes a dynamic seven-step process for these investigations, integrating data from laboratories, interviews, and environmental assessments to protect public health.Outbreak Detection: The detection of multistate outbreaks typically begins with PulseNet, the CDC's national laboratory...
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Time to ACT-UP: Update on precautionary allergen labelling (PAL).

Paul J Turner1, Antonio Bognanni2,3,4, Stefania Arasi5

  • 1National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.

The World Allergy Organization Journal
|October 9, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Precautionary Allergen Labelling (PAL) is inconsistently applied globally, creating challenges for food-allergic consumers. This review examines current practices and international efforts to establish a regulated framework for PAL of unintended allergen presence (UAP).

Keywords:
AnaphylaxisCodexFood hypersensitivityFood labellingFood labelling legislation and jurisprudencePrecautionary allergen labellingPrepackedRisk communicationRisk management

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Area of Science:

  • Food Science
  • Allergen Management
  • Regulatory Affairs

Background:

  • Precautionary Allergen Labelling (PAL) communicates risks of unintended allergen presence (UAP) in food products.
  • Inconsistent and unregulated PAL use, highlighted by the World Allergy Organization (WAO), reduces consumer utility.
  • International bodies like WHO, FAO, and the Codex Committee on Food Labelling (CCFL) are addressing PAL regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current data on PAL to inform systematic application.
  • To support the development of global food standards for allergen labelling.
  • To identify challenges and prospects for a regulated PAL framework.

Main Methods:

  • A non-systematic review of literature and expert consultations.
  • Analysis of global legislation concerning allergen labelling and UAP.
  • Examination of international efforts to rationalize PAL.

Main Results:

  • While many countries regulate allergen ingredient declaration, few address UAP.
  • Non-regulated PAL leads to interpretation difficulties and inconvenience for allergic individuals.
  • Existing efforts to standardize PAL have shown mixed success.

Conclusions:

  • Prospects exist for developing effective, homogeneous global legislation for PAL.
  • Areas of uncertainty may impede international agreement on a regulated PAL framework.
  • The CCFL's consideration of the FAO/WHO Expert Consultation is a critical juncture for PAL regulation.