MicroRNA-Triggered Programmable DNA-Encoded Pre-PROTACs for Cell-Selective and Controlled Protein Degradation

Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) have accelerated drug development; however, some challenges still exist owing to their lack of tumor selectivity and on-demand protein degradation. Here, we developed a miRNA-initiated assembled pre-PROTAC (miRiaTAC) platform that enables the on-demand activation and termination of target degradation in a cell type-specific manner. Using miRNA-21 as a model, we engineered DNA hairpins labeled with JQ-1 and pomalidomide and facilitated the modular assembly of DNA-encoded pre-PROTACs through a hybridization chain reaction. This configuration promoted the selective polyubiquitination and degradation of BRD4 upon miR-21 initiation, highlighting significant tumor selectivity and minimal systemic toxicity. Furthermore, the platform incorporates photolabile groups, enabling the precise optical control of pre-PROTACs during DNA assembly/disassembly, mitigating the risk of excessive protein degradation. Additionally, by introducing a secondary ligand targeting CDK6, these pre-PROTACs were used as a modular scaffold for the programmable assembly of active miRiaTACs containing two different warheads in exact stoichiometry, enabling orthogonal multitarget degradation. The integration of near-infrared light-mediated photodynamic therapy through an upconversion nanosystem further enhanced the efficacy of the platform with potent in vivo anticancer activity. We anticipate that miRiaTAC represents a significant intersection between dynamic DNA nanotechnology and PROTAC, potentially expanding the versatility of PROTAC toolkit for cancer therapy.