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Metabolic-Bariatric Surgery Reduces Pancreatic Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis of Over 3.7 Million Adults, Independent

Angeliki M Angelidi1,2, Eirini G Martinou3, Dimitrios G Karamanis4,5

  • 1Metabolism Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews
|October 9, 2024
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Metabolic-bariatric surgery (MBS) significantly reduces pancreatic cancer (PCa) risk in individuals with obesity, especially those with type 2 diabetes (T2D). This finding holds true across various MBS procedures, warranting further investigation into specific surgical impacts.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Science
  • Oncology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are known risk factors for various cancers, including pancreatic cancer (PCa).
  • Metabolic-bariatric surgery (MBS) is an effective treatment for obesity and T2D, potentially influencing cancer risk.
  • The specific impact of MBS on PCa risk, particularly in relation to T2D status, requires comprehensive evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze the association between Metabolic-Bariatric Surgery (MBS) and pancreatic cancer (PCa) risk.
  • To investigate whether T2D status modifies the effect of MBS on PCa risk.
  • To compare the impact of different MBS types on PCa incidence.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review and meta-analysis adhering to PRISMA guidelines.
  • Inclusion of twelve studies encompassing 3,711,243 participants.
  • Primary outcome: PCa incidence rates in MBS versus non-MBS groups, with subgroup analyses for T2D status and MBS types.

Main Results:

  • MBS was associated with a significantly lower PCa risk in both the overall population (RR=0.21) and T2D patients (RR=0.46) compared to non-MBS controls.
  • A favorable impact was also observed in individuals without T2D (RR=0.56).
  • Sleeve gastrectomy showed a significant reduction in PCa risk (RR=0.24) compared to Roux-en-Y bypass (RR=0.52).

Conclusions:

  • Metabolic-bariatric surgery is linked to a reduced risk of pancreatic cancer, irrespective of type 2 diabetes status.
  • The risk reduction appears more pronounced in patients with T2D.
  • Further research is necessary to elucidate the differential effects of various MBS procedures on PCa risk.
Keywords:
metabolic‐bariatric surgerymeta‐analysisobesitypancreatic cancersystematic reviewtype 2 diabetes

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