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Updated: Jun 11, 2025
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Published on: February 16, 2020
Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease with Detection of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in Pleural Fluid
Background:
Tuberculous pleurisy (TP) is one of the most common types of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, often secondary to tuberculosis (TB). Clinical and imaging manifestations of non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary diseases (NTM-PD) are usually similar to those of tuberculosis. Because of their similarity and the high incidence of tuberculosis, non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections are often overlooked for a long time. Especially in people without immunodeficiency.
Methods:
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in pleural effusion was found by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). During anti-tuberculosis treatment, mNGS of lung tissue by ultrasound-guided percutaneous lung puncture revealed that this patient had combined NTM-PD.
Results:
Mycobacterium chelonae (M. chelonae) was detected by mNGS, and after anti-NTM treatment, the patient's chest CT showed that the inflammation was absorbed more than before, and the patient's symptoms improved.
Conclusions:
When TB is poorly treated with standardized anti-tuberculosis therapy, comorbid non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections may be considered, and mNGS may complement traditional pathogenetic testing.
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