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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • Amorphous solids undergo structural relaxation via molecular rearrangement, driven by thermal fluctuations or stress.
  • Predicting these relaxations has relied on dynamic properties or complex computational models, lacking a simple structural indicator.
  • A physically meaningful structural quantity for predicting relaxation in disordered systems has remained elusive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and validate a novel structural order parameter for predicting structural relaxations in amorphous solids.
  • To establish a direct correlation between this parameter and experimentally observed relaxations.
  • To demonstrate the parameter's utility in both quiescent and sheared amorphous systems.

Main Methods:

  • Derivation of a structural order parameter from the mean-field caging potential experienced by particles.
  • Utilizing density functional theory to compute the structural parameter.
  • Experimental validation using dense colloidal suspensions under quiescent and sheared conditions.

Main Results:

  • The introduced structural order parameter reliably predicts the occurrence of structural relaxations.
  • A strong correlation was observed between the order parameter and experimental structural relaxations in colloidal suspensions.
  • The parameter effectively identifies weak or defect-like regions susceptible to particle rearrangement.
  • In sheared systems, the parameter accurately pinpoints shear transformation sites.

Conclusions:

  • The developed structural order parameter offers a physically meaningful and predictive measure of relaxation in amorphous solids.
  • This finding provides a new avenue for understanding and controlling the mechanical behavior of disordered materials.
  • The approach is applicable to a broad range of amorphous solids, including suspensions and metallic glasses.