Situating homeostasis in organisms: maintaining organization through time

Area of Science:

• Physiology
• Systems Biology
• Homeostasis Research

Background:

• Homeostasis, conceptualized by Bernard and Cannon, is central to physiology but faces criticism.
• Many criticisms target the cybernetic interpretation of homeostasis, not its original broader concept.
• Alternative concepts have emerged, challenging the traditional view of homeostasis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze the evolution of the homeostasis concept from Bernard and Cannon to cybernetic interpretations.
• To differentiate between the original broad concept of homeostasis and restrictive cybernetic accounts.
• To propose an integrated framework for understanding physiological regulation focused on organism maintenance.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of historical physiological concepts (Bernard, Cannon).
• Examination of cybernetic interpretations of homeostasis and setpoint theory.
• Case study using thermoregulation to illustrate criticisms and alternative concepts.
• Theoretical synthesis of original and alternative homeostasis frameworks.

Main Results:

• Many criticisms of homeostasis target its narrowed cybernetic definition, not Bernard and Cannon's original concept.
• Cybernetic homeostasis emphasizes negative feedback and setpoints, which are challenged by alternative theories.
• Thermoregulation serves as a key example demonstrating the limitations of setpoint-centric views and the need for broader perspectives.
• Original proponents focused on organism maintenance, a goal often obscured by later, more restrictive models.

Conclusions:

• Revisiting the original broad concept of homeostasis is essential for understanding physiological regulation.
• A framework viewing regulation through the lens of organism maintenance can integrate diverse physiological concepts.
• Moving beyond restrictive setpoint models offers a more comprehensive understanding of physiological adaptability.