Long-term mortality outcomes and mortality predictors in patients with myelomeningocele

Despite advances, myelomeningocele remains a major cause of mortality and disability. This study aims to analyze factors influencing mortality and suggest ways to reduce it.

We reviewed 173 patients who underwent surgery for myelomeningocele from January 2010 to December 2021. Variables affecting mortality were categorized into patient-related and indirectly related factors. Data were collected through patient file reviews and phone interviews with parents.

Mortality is influenced by multiple factors: female gender (3.2-fold increase), paraplegia (3.1-fold increase), absence of tethered cord release surgery (9.4-fold increase), scoliosis (4.2-fold increase), and renal failure (5.28-fold increase). Defect size and father's education level also significantly impact mortality. The overall mortality rate was 20.8 %, with hydrocephalus being the leading cause.

Mortality and disability in myelomeningocele patients remain high, with over 50 % of deaths being preventable. Effective management could significantly improve mortality rates. Long-term studies are crucial for advancing research in this field.