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Mattia Nigro1,2, Irena F Laska3, Letizia Traversi4

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Bronchiectasis, a chronic airway disease, shows increasing global incidence and prevalence. This review examines real-world data on its epidemiology, mortality, and healthcare burden, highlighting geographical disparities.

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Bronchiectasis is a chronic respiratory condition marked by irreversible airway enlargement, leading to symptoms like cough and sputum production.
  • Global incidence and prevalence of bronchiectasis are rising, potentially due to improved diagnostics and awareness, increasing healthcare costs and patient mortality.
  • Reported prevalence varies widely (52.3 to >1000 per 100,000), with methodological flaws and geographical factors contributing to data heterogeneity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a comprehensive overview of current real-world epidemiological data for bronchiectasis.
  • To analyze incidence, prevalence, mortality rates, and healthcare burden globally.
  • To explore geographical variations in bronchiectasis determinants and their impact on epidemiology.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of available real-world epidemiological data on bronchiectasis.
  • Analysis of studies reporting incidence, prevalence, and mortality.
  • Examination of factors influencing geographical differences in disease epidemiology.

Main Results:

  • Significant heterogeneity exists in global bronchiectasis prevalence data, likely due to methodological inconsistencies and varying assessment approaches.
  • Mortality rates in bronchiectasis cohorts range from 16-24.8% over 4-5 years, with geographical variations influenced by aetiology, comorbidities, and access to care.
  • Limited healthcare access in certain regions contributes to underdiagnosis, increased disease severity, and higher mortality.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate global bronchiectasis epidemiology requires standardized assessment methods to overcome current data heterogeneity.
  • Addressing geographical disparities in aetiology, microbiology, and healthcare access is crucial for managing bronchiectasis burden and improving patient outcomes.
  • Further research into regional determinants is essential for targeted public health interventions and improved patient care worldwide.