Reverse engineering in medical application: literature review, proof of concept and future perspectives

Reverse engineering, a process of extracting information or knowledge from existing objects or systems, has gained significant attention in various fields, including medicine. This article presents a comprehensive literature review and a proof of concept on the application of reverse engineering in the medical field. The review particularly focuses on the reverse engineering process, available technologies, and their specific relevance to the medical domain. Various imaging techniques, such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, are discussed in respect of their integration with reverse engineering methodologies. Furthermore, the article explores the wide range of medical applications facilitated by reverse engineering, including prosthetics, implants, tissue engineering, and surgical planning. The potential of reverse engineering to enhance personalized medicine and patient-specific treatments is highlighted. A detailed proof of concept focusing on femur reconstruction is a significant component of the article. The proof of concept showcases the practical implementation of reverse engineering techniques to assist in designing and manufacturing precise custom-made implants and bone reconstruction. It emphasizes the integration of patient-specific anatomical data obtained through imaging technologies and the subsequent utilization of reverse engineering processes for anatomical reconstruction (solid modeling). Overall, this article provides an extensive overview of reverse engineering in medical applications, incorporating a literature review and a case study. The findings highlight reverse engineering's potential to advance medical practices, improve patient outcomes, and foster personalized treatments. The review emphasizes the reverse engineering process, available technologies, and their specific relevance to the medical field, as well as their potential and effectiveness in advancing medical practices.