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Relationship between hearing impairment and dementia and cognitive function: a Mendelian randomization study.

Deming Jiang¹, Jiahui Hou¹, Haitian Nan¹

¹Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Changchun Street 45, Beijing, China.

Alzheimer'S Research & Therapy

|October 10, 2024

Summary

Hearing impairment causally increases the risk of dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Lewy body dementia (DLB), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Addressing hearing loss is crucial for dementia prevention and maintaining cognitive function.

Keywords:

Cognition Dementia Hearing impairment Mendelian randomization Subtype

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Genetics
Public Health

Background:

Observational studies suggest a link between hearing impairment and dementia, but causality and mechanisms are unclear.
Investigating the causal relationship is vital for understanding dementia etiology.
Hearing impairment affects a significant portion of the aging population.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the causal relationship between hearing impairment and its subtypes with dementia.
To explore the impact of hearing impairment on various cognitive functions.
To identify potential mediating factors in the hearing impairment-dementia link.

Main Methods:

Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was used.
Examined causal effects on six dementia phenotypes and four cognitive functions.
Multivariable MR (MVMR) analysis investigated mediating mechanisms.

Main Results:

Conductive and sensorineural hearing loss (CSHL) linked to increased risk of Lewy body dementia (DLB) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD).
Conductive hearing loss (CHL) associated with higher Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk.
Hearing impairment causally linked to poorer general cognitive performance and fluid intelligence.
Loneliness, depressed mood, and reduced cortical volume mediated the hearing impairment-dementia relationship.

Conclusions:

Provides evidence for a causal link between hearing impairment and increased dementia risk (AD, FTD, DLB).
Highlights hearing impairment as a modifiable risk factor for dementia.
Suggests interventions targeting hearing loss may reduce dementia incidence.