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Onychocryptosis Is Associated with Low Income in a Matched Cohort Study Using the All of Us Database.

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Low income, obesity, peripheral vascular disease (PVD), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are significant risk factors for onychocryptosis. Individuals with these conditions and lower incomes should be screened for ingrown toenails.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Onychocryptosis (ingrown toenail) is a prevalent and painful nail condition.
  • Risk factors for onychocryptosis remain underexplored, necessitating further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the associations between onychocryptosis, common comorbidities, and household income levels.
  • To identify key risk factors contributing to the development of onychocryptosis.

Main Methods:

  • A matched case-control study was conducted using the National Institute of Health All of Us Research Program Database.
  • Data from 6,246 cases of onychocryptosis and 24,984 controls were analyzed, examining comorbidities and lifestyle factors.

Main Results:

  • Onychocryptosis cases showed increased risk for onychogryphosis, onychomycosis, hallux valgus, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, and peripheral vascular disease (PVD).
  • Patients from low-income households (<$10k USD annually) had a significantly higher likelihood of developing onychocryptosis compared to higher-income groups.

Conclusions:

  • Low income, obesity, PVD, and T2DM are identified as significant risk factors associated with onychocryptosis.
  • Screening and counseling for onychocryptosis are recommended for at-risk populations, particularly those with low income and specific comorbidities.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the complex relationship between socioeconomic status and onychocryptosis risk.