Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

3.0K
The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor...
3.0K
Major Somatic Sensory Pathways01:28

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways

912
Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the...
912
Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:24

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

427
The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...
427
Vision01:24

Vision

53.0K
Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
53.0K
Diencephalon: Thalamus and Information Relay01:27

Diencephalon: Thalamus and Information Relay

1.5K
The thalamus, often called “the gateway to the cerebral cortex,” is vital in processing and directing sensory and motor signals throughout the brain. Almost all inputs destined for the cerebral cortex, except for olfactory signals, are relayed through the thalamus. The thalamus is  a sophisticated relay station, channeling information from various brain regions to the cerebral cortex, as well as a filter, prioritizing certain signals over others based on current physiological...
1.5K
Hierarchy of Motor Control01:18

Hierarchy of Motor Control

2.5K
The hierarchy of motor control refers to the different levels of organization and processing involved in controlling movement in the body. These levels range from higher cortical areas involved in planning and decision-making to lower spinal cord reflexes that respond automatically to external stimuli.
2.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

FixGrower: An efficient and robust curriculum for shaping fixation behavior in rodents.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Brain-wide coordination of internal signals during decision-making.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Sensory population activity reveals downstream confidence computations in the primate visual system.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025
Same author

Bayesian inference by visuomotor neurons in the prefrontal cortex.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025
Same author

Abstract deliberation by visuomotor neurons in prefrontal cortex.

Nature neuroscience·2024
Same author

Neuronal and behavioral responses to naturalistic texture images in macaque monkeys.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2025

An Emerging Target Paradigm to Evoke Fast Visuomotor Responses on Human Upper Limb Muscles
09:27

An Emerging Target Paradigm to Evoke Fast Visuomotor Responses on Human Upper Limb Muscles

Published on: August 25, 2020

4.2K

Bayesian inference by visuomotor neurons in prefrontal cortex.

Thomas Langlois1, Julie A Charlton2, Robbe L T Goris1

  • 1Center for Perceptual Systems, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX USA.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|October 10, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals how the brain combines sensory information with prior expectations to make decisions. Prefrontal cortex neural activity shows that prior beliefs influence decision-making dynamics, impacting perception accuracy.

More Related Videos

Investigating Object Representations in the Macaque Dorsal Visual Stream Using Single-unit Recordings
07:08

Investigating Object Representations in the Macaque Dorsal Visual Stream Using Single-unit Recordings

Published on: August 1, 2018

8.3K
Topographical Estimation of Visual Population Receptive Fields by fMRI
06:02

Topographical Estimation of Visual Population Receptive Fields by fMRI

Published on: February 3, 2015

9.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 11, 2025

An Emerging Target Paradigm to Evoke Fast Visuomotor Responses on Human Upper Limb Muscles
09:27

An Emerging Target Paradigm to Evoke Fast Visuomotor Responses on Human Upper Limb Muscles

Published on: August 25, 2020

4.2K
Investigating Object Representations in the Macaque Dorsal Visual Stream Using Single-unit Recordings
07:08

Investigating Object Representations in the Macaque Dorsal Visual Stream Using Single-unit Recordings

Published on: August 1, 2018

8.3K
Topographical Estimation of Visual Population Receptive Fields by fMRI
06:02

Topographical Estimation of Visual Population Receptive Fields by fMRI

Published on: February 3, 2015

9.2K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Decision Science

Background:

  • Perceptual judgments arise from neural activity in decision-making areas.
  • Ambiguous sensory input can be biased by prior expectations, demonstrating Bayesian inference.
  • The neural mechanisms combining sensory signals and prior expectations for decisions remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how prefrontal cortex circuits integrate sensory signals and prior expectations.
  • To analyze the neural population activity representing perceptual decision formation.
  • To understand the dynamical evolution of the decision variable (DV) under varying prior expectations.

Main Methods:

  • Recorded neural population activity in the prefrontal cortex of macaque monkeys.
  • Trained monkeys to report perceptual judgments of ambiguous visual stimuli.
  • Analyzed the decision variable (DV) dynamics reflecting sensory and prior integration.

Main Results:

  • The dynamical evolution of the decision variable (DV) integrates sensory signals and prior expectations.
  • Prior expectations influence DV trajectories before and during stimulus presentation.
  • Smaller DV dynamic ranges correlate with more biased and less sensitive perceptual decisions.

Conclusions:

  • Prefrontal cortex circuits can implement Bayesian inference by integrating sensory evidence with prior expectations.
  • Neural dynamics of the decision variable reveal a mechanism for biased perception.
  • This research elucidates how prior knowledge shapes perceptual decision-making in the brain.