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Real-Time Imaging Assessment of Stress-Induced Vascular Inflammation Using Heartbeat-Synchronized Motion

Minseok A Jang1, Joon Woo Song2, Ryeong Hyun Kim2

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST (Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology), Daejeon, Korea (M.A.J., U.K., H.Y.).

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|October 10, 2024
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Chronic stress accelerates atherosclerosis by increasing myeloid cell infiltration in arteries. Advanced intravital microscopy visualized these real-time cellular changes, aiding cardiovascular disease research.

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apolipoproteinsblood cellsinflammationintravital microscopymyeloid cells

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Chronic mental stress accelerates atherosclerosis via complex neuroimmune pathways.
  • Existing imaging techniques lack real-time visualization of blood cell dynamics in pulsatile arteries.
  • Advanced imaging is needed to understand cellular mechanisms of stress-induced atherosclerosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and apply an advanced intravital microscopy technique for real-time visualization of blood cell dynamics in arteries.
  • To investigate the impact of chronic restraint stress on vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis progression in vivo.
  • To delineate the cellular mechanisms underlying stress-accelerated atherosclerosis.

Main Methods:

  • Implemented an electrically tunable lens in intravital optical microscopy for dynamic focusing.
  • Synchronized imaging with heartbeats to compensate for artery movement.
  • Longitudinally imaged carotid arteries of ApoE-/- mice under chronic restraint stress and in nonstressed controls.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a 4-fold reduction in motion artifact and 25.2 Hz temporal resolution in beating murine carotid arteries.
  • Chronic stress significantly increased myeloid cell infiltration (6.09-fold) and adhered myeloid cells (2.45-fold) in carotid arteries.
  • Histological analysis confirmed stress-induced acceleration of plaque formation, increased myeloid cell/macrophage accumulation, and reduced fibrous cap thickness.

Conclusions:

  • Dynamic focusing motion compensation intravital microscopy enables high-resolution, real-time in vivo imaging of blood cell dynamics in beating arteries.
  • This technique is crucial for understanding the cellular mechanisms of cardiovascular disease under stress.
  • The findings highlight the detrimental effects of chronic stress on vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis.