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Sociodemographic differences in the response to changes in COVID-19 testing guidelines.

Shambhavi Sharma1, Huiqi Li1, Jesper Löve1

  • 1School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.

European Journal of Public Health
|October 10, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Sweden

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Sociology of Health

Background:

  • Sweden's COVID-19 response prioritized voluntary guidelines over mandates.
  • A rapid shift in testing guidelines for vaccinated/recently infected individuals created a natural experiment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze sociodemographic differences in adherence to changing COVID-19 testing guidelines.
  • To quantify population response to guideline modifications during the pandemic.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized interrupted time series analysis on daily PCR test data (Oct-Dec 2021).
  • Examined 1.6 million adults across three Swedish regions.
  • Employed stratified analysis and meta-regression to assess sociodemographic impacts.

Main Results:

  • Testing rates significantly dropped (ratio 0.50) when testing was discouraged for vaccinated/recently infected individuals.
  • Rates rebounded (ratio 2.19) upon guideline reversal.
  • Individuals born in Sweden, with higher income or education, showed stronger adherence.

Conclusions:

  • The Swedish population demonstrated responsiveness to changes in COVID-19 testing guidelines.
  • Adherence varied significantly across different sociodemographic groups, highlighting potential inequities.