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Resolving Sulfation Posttranslational Modifications on a Peptide Hormone using Nanopores.

Xiuqi Chen¹, Jasper W van de Sande², Justas Ritmejeris¹

¹Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2629 HZ, The Netherlands.

|October 10, 2024

Summary

Nanopore technology accurately identifies post-translational modifications (PTMs) like sulfation and phosphorylation on plant peptide hormones. This breakthrough offers sensitive, single-molecule detection for crucial PTMs in plant growth and development.

Keywords:

nanopore peptide fingerprinting plant peptide hormone post-translational modifications single-molecule technique

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Nanosensors to Detect Protease Activity In Vivo for Noninvasive Diagnostics

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Published on: July 16, 2018

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Molecular Biology
Nanotechnology

Background:

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) on peptide hormones are vital for receptor recognition and biological function.
Tyrosine sulfation is critical for plant peptide hormone activity, influencing growth and development.
Current methods for detecting and localizing sulfotyrosine face significant technical hurdles.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate the capability of nanopore technology for sensitive, single-molecule detection of PTMs on peptide hormones.
To accurately identify and distinguish sulfation from phosphorylation on tyrosine residues of plant peptide hormones.
To assess the accuracy of nanopore measurements in determining the presence and position of PTMs on multiple tyrosine residues.

Main Methods:

Translocation of post-translational modification variants of the plant pentapeptide hormone phytosulfokine (PSK) through a nanopore.
Sensitive, single-molecule detection of PTMs by analyzing changes in electrical current during translocation.
Distinguishing between sulfation and phosphorylation modifications on specific tyrosine residues.

Main Results:

Accurate identification of both sulfation and phosphorylation on the two tyrosine residues of PSK.
Sulfation was clearly detected and distinguished from phosphorylation on the same residue with >90% accuracy.
The presence or absence of PTMs on adjacent tyrosine residues was determined with >96% accuracy.

Conclusions:

Nanopore measurements offer extraordinary sensitivity for detecting protein PTMs at the single-molecule level.
This technology provides a powerful tool for identifying position-specific sulfation on peptide hormones.
The findings suggest broad applicability for nanopore analysis in identifying various protein PTMs.