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Short QT intervals in African lions.

Frederik S Scharling1, Ditte-Mari Sandgreen2, Julia Stagegaard3

  • 1Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.

Experimental Physiology
|October 10, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Wild lions exhibit longer QT intervals compared to zoo-kept lions, indicating differences in cardiac electrophysiology. This study highlights the impact of environment on heart function in large carnivores.

Keywords:
Panthera leoPurkinjeQTcircadianfelinepredator

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Science
  • Cardiac Electrophysiology
  • Comparative Physiology

Background:

  • The cardiac conduction system in large carnivores, particularly African lions (Panthera leo), is poorly understood.
  • Previous reports noted short QT intervals in anesthetized, zoo-kept lions, suggesting potential environmental influences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To record the first electrocardiograms (ECGs) from wild, conscious lions.
  • To compare cardiac electrophysiology, specifically QT intervals, between wild and zoo-kept lions.
  • To test the hypothesis that short QT intervals are unique to zoo-kept lions.

Main Methods:

  • Macroscopic and histological examination of heart tissue from nine healthy zoo lions.
  • ECG recordings from nine anesthetized zoo-kept lions.
  • ECG recordings from 15 anesthetized and conscious wild lions in Africa.

Main Results:

  • Histological and topographical heart descriptions aligned with existing literature.
  • Conscious wild lions had a mean heart rate of 70 ± 4 beats/min, with nocturnal increases.
  • QT intervals were significantly longer in wild lions (398 ± 40 ms) compared to zoo lions (297 ± 9 ms), independent of anesthesia or heart rate.

Conclusions:

  • Significant QT interval differences exist between wild and zoo-kept lions, suggesting functional disparities in cardiac electrophysiology.
  • These disparities may be linked to variations in physical fitness and environmental factors.
  • Findings emphasize the plasticity of cardiac electrophysiology and have implications for conservation and animal welfare.