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Alpha-1-antitrypsin in leprosy.

S V Deshpande, P B Zawar, R N Chawhan

Indian Journal of Leprosy

|October 1, 1985

Summary

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Alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) levels were measured in leprosy patients. AAT levels significantly increased in severe leprosy forms, particularly lepromatous leprosy with erythema nodosum leprosum.

Area of Science:

Immunology
Infectious Diseases
Biochemistry

Background:

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae.
Alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) is a serine protease inhibitor with anti-inflammatory properties.
Altered AAT levels may be associated with various inflammatory conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate Alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) levels in patients with different forms of leprosy.
To determine if AAT levels correlate with leprosy severity and clinical manifestations like erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL).

Main Methods:

Serum AAT levels were quantified in 52 leprosy patients across various types (TT, BT, BB, BL, LL).
A control group of 50 healthy individuals was included for comparison.

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Statistical analysis was performed to compare AAT levels between patient groups and controls.

Main Results:

AAT levels were not significantly different in tuberculoid leprosy (TT), borderline tuberculoid (BT), and borderline (BB) leprosy compared to controls.
A statistically significant elevation in AAT levels was observed in borderline lepromatous (BL) and lepromatous leprosy (LL) patients.
The highest AAT levels were found in LL patients with erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL), averaging 500.8 mg/dl (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

Elevated Alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) levels are associated with more severe forms of leprosy, particularly lepromatous leprosy.
The significant increase in AAT in LL with ENL suggests a role in the inflammatory response of this complication.
AAT may serve as a potential biomarker for leprosy severity and associated inflammation.