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Related Concept Videos

Roles of Electrolytes: Calcium and Phosphate01:27

Roles of Electrolytes: Calcium and Phosphate

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Calcium and phosphate are essential electrolytes in the human body, with calcium being the most abundant mineral. Around 99% of the body's calcium is stored in the skeleton and teeth, forming a crystal lattice of mineral salts in combination with phosphates. Calcium plays crucial roles in various bodily functions such as blood clotting, neurotransmitter release, muscle tone maintenance, and nervous and muscle tissue excitability.
The calcium concentration in blood plasma is primarily...
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Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

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Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
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The Parathyroid Glands00:59

The Parathyroid Glands

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The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by...
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Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin00:51

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Calcitonin, a vital polypeptide hormone, regulates calcium levels within body fluids. It is released by the parafollicular cells, also known as C cells, situated in the follicular epithelium of the thyroid gland. Calcitonin responds to fluctuations in blood calcium levels and the influence of gastrointestinal hormones like gastrin and cholecystokinin.
The exact mechanisms by which calcitonin operates in calcium homeostasis remain elusive, but its significance is evident in several vital...
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
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Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2025

Analysis of Minerals Produced by hFOB 1.19 and Saos-2 Cells Using Transmission Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Microanalysis
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Analysis of Minerals Produced by hFOB 1.19 and Saos-2 Cells Using Transmission Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Microanalysis

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[Calcifications and phosphocalcic metabolism].

Marie-Françoise Heymann1

  • 1Anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, Institut de cancérologie de l'Ouest, Centre René-Gauducheau, boulevard Jacques-Monod, 44805 Saint-Herblain cedex, France.

Annales De Pathologie
|October 10, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Extraosseous calcifications are calcium salt deposits in tissues, causing dysfunction. Formation involves "osteoblast-like" cells, with causes ranging from risk factors to genetic syndromes in younger individuals.

Keywords:
AtherosclerosisAthéroscléroseCalcification dystrophiqueCalcification extra osseuseCalcification métastatiqueCalcification tumoraleCellule osteoblast likeDepositDystrophic calcificationDépôtExtraosseous calcificationMetastatic calcificationOsteoblast like cellTumor calcification

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A Semi-Automated and Reproducible Biological-Based Method to Quantify Calcium Deposition In Vitro
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Area of Science:

  • Biomineralization
  • Cellular biology
  • Pathology

Context:

  • Extraosseous calcifications involve widespread intra-tissue calcium salt deposits.
  • These deposits lead to impaired function in affected tissues or organs.
  • Understanding calcification mechanisms is crucial for diagnosing and managing various conditions.

Purpose:

  • To elucidate the formation mechanisms of extraosseous calcifications.
  • To differentiate between metastatic and dystrophic calcification types.
  • To highlight the role of "osteoblast-like" cells in mineralization.

Summary:

  • Extraosseous calcifications are categorized into metastatic and dystrophic types.
  • Their formation mimics physiological mineralization via "osteoblast-like" cells.
  • Etiologies are diverse, including risk factors and genetic syndromes, particularly in pediatric cases.

Impact:

  • Provides insights into the pathogenesis of calcification disorders.
  • Emphasizes the importance of considering genetic factors in young patients.
  • Aids in the differential diagnosis of tissue calcification.