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Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography01:22

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Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) and Cystography are specialized radiographic procedures used to examine the structure and function of the bladder and urethra.Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)A Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a diagnostic imaging procedure that assesses the anatomy and function of the lower urinary tract. It focuses on the bladder, bladder neck, and urethra, helping detect abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)—the backward or reverse flow of urine into the...
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Urination, or micturition involves the coordination of the bladder's detrusor muscle and two sphincters to ensure controlled bladder emptying.
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Updated: Jun 10, 2025

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Primary vesicoureteral reflux.

Prem Puri1, Florian Friedmacher2, Marie-Klaire Farrugia3,4

  • 1University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. prof.prempuri@gmail.com.

Nature Reviews. Disease Primers
|October 10, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a common condition in children. Management focuses on preventing urinary tract infections (UTIs) and kidney damage, with options ranging from observation to surgery.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Urology
  • Nephrology
  • Medical Technology

Background:

  • Primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a frequent urological condition in infants and children.
  • VUR is linked to urinary tract infections (UTIs) and can lead to renal parenchymal damage, hypertension, proteinuria, and chronic kidney disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of VUR's natural history and identify at-risk patients.
  • To outline the primary goals of managing pediatric VUR, focusing on UTI prevention and minimizing renal injury.
  • To discuss current management options and ongoing debates in diagnosis and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of the natural history of VUR.
  • Analysis of established associations between VUR, UTIs, and renal damage.
  • Discussion of current treatment modalities: surveillance, antibiotic prophylaxis, endoscopic injection, and ureteral reimplantation.
  • Exploration of emerging technologies like artificial intelligence in VUR management.

Main Results:

  • Improved understanding of VUR natural history aids in identifying at-risk children.
  • Four primary management options exist: surveillance, continuous antibiotic prophylaxis, endoscopic injection, and ureteral reimplantation.
  • Key debates involve diagnostic imaging timing and patient selection for prophylaxis or surgery.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of pediatric VUR aims to prevent recurrent UTIs and long-term renal impairment.
  • Current treatment strategies are evolving, with ongoing discussions on optimal diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
  • Future advancements, including AI, may personalize VUR diagnosis and treatment for improved outcomes.