Exploring nanobioceramics in wound healing as effective and economical alternatives

Wound healing is a sophisticated process for which various treatment methods have been developed. Bioceramics with the ability to release inorganic ions in biological environments play a crucial role in cellular metabolism and exhibit bactericidal activity, contributing to numerous physiological processes. Their multifaceted roles in biological systems highlight their significance. The release of different metallic ions from bioceramics enables the repair of both hard and soft tissues. These ions may be effective in cell motility, proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, angiogenesis, and antibiosis. Unlike conventional medications, the bioactivity and antibacterial properties of bioceramics are typically not associated with side effects or bacterial resistance. Bioceramics are commonly recognized for their capcity to facilitate the healing of hard tissues due to their exceptional mechanical properties. In this review, we first explore wound treatment and its prevalent methods, and subsequently, we discuss the application of three primary categories of bioceramics-oxide ceramics, silicate-based ceramics, and calcium-phosphate ceramics-in the context of wound treatment. This review introduces bioceramics as a cost-effective and efficient alternative for wound repair. Our aim is to inspire researchers to incorporate bioceramics with other biomaterials to achieve enhanced, economical, expedited, and safer wound healing.