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Precursor Ink Engineering to Implement Vacuum Extraction Method for Scalable Production of Perovskite Solar Cells.

Manoj Rajakaruna¹, Jaehoon Chung¹, You Li¹

¹Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

|October 11, 2024

Summary

Researchers engineered perovskite precursor ink using N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and N,N'-dimethylpropyleneurea (DMPU) to achieve uniform films for efficient solar cells. This advance enables scalable production of high-performance perovskite minimodules.

Keywords:

Ink engineering Perovskite minimodules Perovskite solar cells Slot-die coating Vacuum extraction

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Chemical Engineering
Renewable Energy

Background:

Scalable production of high-quality perovskite films is essential for efficient solar energy conversion.
Solution coating techniques require precise control over precursor ink properties to ensure film uniformity and performance.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and N,N -dimethylpropyleneurea (DMPU) on perovskite precursor ink properties.
To widen the processing window for slot-die coating of perovskite films.
To achieve uniform, compact, and pinhole-free perovskite films for high-performance devices.

Main Methods:

Development of a ternary solvent system for perovskite precursor ink.
Systematic investigation of NMP and DMPU concentrations on ink properties and film formation.
Slot-die coating of perovskite films and fabrication of minimodules.

Main Results:

Tailoring NMP and DMPU concentrations controlled perovskite intermediate phase formation and widened the processing window.
Reproducible production of high photoelectrical quality perovskite films at scale was achieved.
Slot-die-coated perovskite minimodules achieved power conversion efficiencies of 19% (56 cm²) and 16% (100 cm²).

Conclusions:

The engineered precursor ink formulation enables scalable, high-quality perovskite film deposition via slot-die coating.
Optimized solvent systems are critical for controlling film morphology and device performance in perovskite solar cells.
This work facilitates the industrial application of perovskite solar technology.