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Enzymatically-induced dynamic assemblies from surface functional stomatocyte nanoreactors.

Alexander D Fusi1, Yudong Li1, Marrit M E Tholen2

  • 1Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands. t.patino.padial@tue.nl.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Polymersome stomatocytes loaded with urease exhibit collective behavior through pH-sensitive clustering. This enzyme-driven communication allows for transient aggregation and disassembly, enabling cooperative tasks in active colloids.

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Area of Science:

  • Systems Chemistry
  • Colloid Science
  • Biomaterials

Background:

  • Collective behavior in synthetic systems is an emerging area of research.
  • Polymersomes are versatile vesicles with potential for complex functions.
  • Enzyme-loaded particles can create localized environmental changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate collective behavior in polymersome stomatocytes.
  • To demonstrate stigmergy-based communication using enzyme activity.
  • To explore pH-sensitive clustering for cooperative phenomena.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of urease-loaded and empty polymersome stomatocytes.
  • Surface functionalization with nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) and histidine (His) moieties.
  • Dynamic light scattering (DLS) to monitor clustering and aggregation.
  • pH measurements to correlate enzyme activity with particle interactions.

Main Results:

  • Urease-loaded stomatocytes produced pH changes upon urea addition, triggering NTA-His interactions.
  • Transient clustering was observed within a specific pH range (6.3–7.3).
  • Oscillating aggregation and disassembly occurred due to localized pH fluctuations.

Conclusions:

  • Polymersome stomatocytes demonstrate enzyme-driven, pH-mediated collective behavior.
  • This system exhibits stigmergy, a form of indirect communication.
  • Designing active colloids with population behavior can lead to cooperative task execution.