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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
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Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2025

Resonance Fluorescence of an InGaAs Quantum Dot in a Planar Cavity Using Orthogonal Excitation and Detection
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Cooperative Spin Amplifier for Enhanced Quantum Sensing.

Minxiang Xu1, Min Jiang1, Yuanhong Wang1

  • 1CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, <a href="https://ror.org/04c4dkn09">University of Science and Technology of China</a>, Hefei 230026, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Scientific Instrument Development and Application, <a href="https://ror.org/04c4dkn09">University of Science and Technology of China</a>, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, <a href="https://ror.org/04c4dkn09">University of Science and Technology of China</a>, Hefei 230026, China; and Hefei National Laboratory, <a href="https://ror.org/04c4dkn09">University of Science and Technology of China</a>, Hefei 230088, China.

Physical Review Letters
|October 11, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Researchers enhanced quantum sensor coherence time by 18-fold using cooperative noble-gas ^{129}Xe spins. This breakthrough amplifies magnetic signals, enabling highly sensitive magnetic field sensing for fundamental physics research.

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Last Updated: Jun 10, 2025

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Metrology and Sensing
  • Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • Quantum sensor sensitivity is often limited by the coherence time of quantum systems.
  • Enhancing coherence time is critical for advancing precision measurements in quantum sensing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a novel method for enhancing quantum sensor coherence time.
  • To investigate the potential of cooperative spins for signal amplification in magnetic field sensing.

Main Methods:

  • Inducing cooperation among noble-gas ^{129}Xe spins using a tunable feedback circuit.
  • Utilizing cooperative ^{129}Xe spins as a spin amplifier for magnetic signals.
  • Implementing magnetic field sensing with the cooperative spin amplifier and comparing with a ^{87}Rb spin gas magnetometer.

Main Results:

  • Achieved an 18-fold enhancement in coherence time for ^{129}Xe spins through cooperation.
  • Demonstrated significant amplification of magnetic signals by at least 3 orders of magnitude using cooperative spins.
  • Realized a magnetic field sensitivity of 4 fT/Hz^{1/2}, surpassing the spin-projection noise of a ^{87}Rb magnetometer.

Conclusions:

  • Cooperative spins offer a powerful mechanism to enhance coherence time and amplify signals in quantum sensors.
  • The developed cooperative spin amplifier enables unprecedented sensitivity in magnetic field measurements.
  • This work introduces a new class of 'cooperative quantum sensors' with broad applications in fundamental physics.