Exploring micropollutants in polar environments based on non-target analysis using LC-HRMS

Area of Science:

• Environmental Chemistry
• Polar Science
• Analytical Chemistry

Background:

• Chemicals are routinely used in polar regions, leading to the unexpected presence of micropollutants.
• Sewage discharge is a significant source of pollution in sensitive polar ecosystems.

Purpose of the Study:

• To identify and quantify micropollutants in polar marine environments near potential point sources.
• To assess the occurrence and spatial distribution of emerging contaminants from wastewater discharge.

Main Methods:

• Utilized non-target analysis (NTA) coupled with liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS).
• Collected and analyzed seawater samples from Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, and Marian Cove, King George Island in 2023.
• Employed the internal standard method for accurate quantification of confirmed substances.

Main Results:

• Tentatively identified 32 compounds and 105 homologous series substances using NTA.
• Confirmed 18 substances and quantified 13, including caffeine, naproxen, and polyethylene glycols (PEGs) in Ny-Ålesund (0.9–770,000 ng/L).
• Detected acetaminophen as the predominant micropollutant in Marian Cove (13–35 ng/L).

Conclusions:

• Wastewater discharge is a key contributor to emerging micropollutant contamination in polar regions.
• The study highlights the presence and spatial distribution of these contaminants near pollution sources.
• Findings underscore the need for monitoring and managing chemical pollution in Arctic and Antarctic environments.