Photoelectrochemical biosensors: Prospects of graphite carbon nitride-based sensors in prostate-specific antigen diagnosis

Seyed Saman Nemati ¹, Gholamreza Dehghan ¹

⁰Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.

Analytical Biochemistry +

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October 11, 2024

View abstract on PubMed

Summary

This review explores advanced electrochemical sensors using graphite carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanocomposites for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) detection. These sensors offer a promising avenue for early prostate cancer diagnosis and personalized treatment monitoring.

Area Of Science

Nanomaterials Science
Biomedical Engineering
Analytical Chemistry

Background

Prostate cancer (PC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death in aging populations, necessitating accurate diagnostic and monitoring tools.
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a key biomarker for PC, with elevated levels indicating disease progression or treatment ineffectiveness.
Electrochemical sensors, particularly those utilizing nanomaterials like graphite carbon nitride (g-C3N4), show significant potential for sensitive and specific biomarker detection.

Purpose Of The Study

To review the application of g-C3N4-based electrochemical sensors for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) detection.
To explore various sensing strategies and mechanisms employed for PSA identification using these nanocomposites.
To analyze the current challenges and future prospects of g-C3N4-based sensors in PC diagnosis and personalized medicine.

Main Methods

Review of literature on electrochemical sensors incorporating g-C3N4 nanocomposites for PSA detection.
Analysis of different sensing mechanisms including photoelectrochemistry, impedimetric immunosensors, photocatalysis, and luminescence.
Investigation of g-C3N4 material properties relevant to sensor development, such as surface area, stability, and photoelectronic characteristics.

Main Results

g-C3N4-based nanocomposites demonstrate high potential for sensitive and selective PSA detection.
Various electrochemical sensing strategies, including photoelectrochemical and impedimetric methods, have been successfully applied.
The unique properties of g-C3N4 facilitate the development of advanced diagnostic platforms for PC biomarkers.

Conclusions

Electrochemical sensors based on g-C3N4 nanocomposites represent a promising technology for the early diagnosis and monitoring of prostate cancer.
Further research into optimizing sensor design and understanding detection mechanisms can enhance their clinical utility.
These sensors hold potential for advancing personalized medicine approaches in PC management.

Keywords:

Biosensor Electrochemistry Graphite carbon nitride Prostate cancer Prostate-specific antigen