Corticocortical and corticomuscular connectivity dynamics in standing posture: electroencephalography study
Kimiya Fujio1, Kenta Takeda2, Hiroki Obata3
1Department of Rehabilitation for Movement Functions, Research Institute of National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, 4-1, Namiki,Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-0555, Japan.
Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|October 11, 2024
Summary
Human standing control relies on brain activity. This study reveals dynamic brain connectivity changes during postural sway and over time, highlighting the brain
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Human Motor Control
- Systems Neuroscience
Background:
- Cortical mechanisms are crucial for maintaining upright stance.
- Previous studies show flexible cortical responses to postural demands.
- Dynamic changes in corticocortical and corticomuscular connectivity during standing remain poorly understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the dynamic changes in corticocortical and corticomuscular connectivity during standing.
- To examine how connectivity varies with spontaneous postural sway and over time.
- To elucidate the neural underpinnings of standing balance control.
Main Methods:
- Simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) recordings.
- Analysis of sway-varying corticomuscular connectivity at peak sway velocity.
- Analysis of time-varying corticocortical connectivity using a sliding-window approach across different standing postures (normal, one-leg, narrow base).
Main Results:
- Corticomuscular connectivity strengthened in gamma (γ) and beta (β) frequency bands at peak sway velocity.
- Time-varying theta (θ) corticocortical connectivity showed posture-relevant patterns.
- A specific cluster of θ-connectivity, concentrated in the mid-central region, was more prominent during narrow-base standing, suggesting a role in balance.
Conclusions:
- Corticomuscular and corticocortical connectivity exhibit dynamic changes crucial for standing balance.
- The findings provide insights into the neural control of posture and balance.
- Understanding these dynamic connectivity patterns can inform future research on motor control and neurological disorders.
Related Concept Videos
00:55Skeletal Muscle Anatomy
Skeletal muscle is the most abundant type of muscle in the body. Tendons are the connective tissue that attaches skeletal muscle to bones. Skeletal muscles pull on tendons, which in turn pull on bones to carry out voluntary movements.
01:13Cell-matrix's Response to Mechanical Forces
In animal cells, the extracellular matrix allows cells within tissues to withstand external stresses and transmits signals from the outside of the cell to the inside. The extracellular matrix is extensive, and its composition varies between different types of tissues. For example, the reticular fibers and ground substance make up the ECM in loose connective tissue, while collagen and bone minerals make up the ECM of bone tissue.
Anchoring junctions mechanically attach a cell to the...
Anchoring junctions mechanically attach a cell to the...
01:17Connective Tissue Fibers and Ground Substance
One of the significant functions of connective tissue is connecting tissues and organs. Unlike epithelial tissue that is composed of cells closely packed with little or no extracellular space in between, connective tissue cells are dispersed in a matrix. The matrix usually includes a large amount of extracellular material produced by the connective tissue cells that are embedded within it. It plays a significant role in the functioning of this tissue. The major component of the matrix is a...
01:13Dense Connective Tissue
Dense connective tissue contains more collagen fibers than loose connective tissue. As a consequence, it displays greater resistance to stretching. There are two major categories of dense connective tissue— regular and irregular.
Dense Regular Connective Tissue
In dense regular connective tissue, fibers are arranged parallel to each other, enhancing its tensile strength and resistance to stretching in the direction of the fiber orientations. Ligaments and tendons are made of dense regular...
Dense Regular Connective Tissue
In dense regular connective tissue, fibers are arranged parallel to each other, enhancing its tensile strength and resistance to stretching in the direction of the fiber orientations. Ligaments and tendons are made of dense regular...
01:25Overview of Muscle Tissues
The human body has three types of muscle tissue: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac. Each class has unique properties that enable them to perform specific functions. However, all muscle tissues share certain properties, including elasticity, contractility, and excitability.
Elasticity
Elasticity is the ability of muscles to stretch and return to their original shape. This property is partly due to elastic fibers — macromolecules that run through the muscles. These fibers are firm and resilient,...
Elasticity
Elasticity is the ability of muscles to stretch and return to their original shape. This property is partly due to elastic fibers — macromolecules that run through the muscles. These fibers are firm and resilient,...
01:12Gross Anatomy of Skeletal Muscles
The connective tissues play a significant role in arranging the muscle fibers into a hierarchical structure that forms a complete muscle. Consider a muscle like the bicep brachii, commonly called the bicep. This muscle comprises thousands of muscle fibers enclosed by a protective layer of connective tissue called the endomysium. The endomysium is primarily composed of reticular fibers, a type of thin collagen fiber. It allows the exchange of nutrients and waste products at the fiber level,...