Determination of Toxicity at Different Trophic Levels of Aqueous Film-Forming Foams (AFFF) Used in Fire Fighting
Paulo Paulino Rodrigues Junior1, Patricia Aline Bressiani2, Anna Karolina Gomes Oliveira2
1Scholar in Chemical Engineering, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Campus Francisco Beltrão, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brasil.
Abstract:
Aqueous film-forming foams (AFFF), containing perfluorinated surfactants, can reach the environment. The objective of this study was to determine the ecotoxicity of AFFF, according to the type of fire to be fought (A1: 1.05 g.L- 1, A2: 3.15 g.L- 1 and A3: 6.30 g.L- 1), to bioindicators of different trophic levels. For Artemia salina a toxic effect was observed at sample A1 (at concentrations of 100%), A2 (at concentrations above 25%) and A3 (at concentrations above 12.5%). For Lactuca sativa all samples affected the number of germinated seeds, speed and percentage of germination and root length. To the Eisenia fetida earthworm, samples A2 and A3 were considered toxic due to the percent avoidance being 70% and 100%, respectively. In Macaca mullata renal cell culture test, none of the samples were toxic by the MTT test. Therefore, it is necessary to develop methods for the safe use of AFFF by professionals.
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