Training in Transplantation and Cellular Therapy in Latin America: A Cross-Sectional Study of the LABMT

Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is a complex and resource-intensive procedure that has become a critical treatment for certain hematologic conditions. However, in Latin America, access to HCT is limited compared to high-income countries, in part due to a lack of standardized training programs for HCT professionals. To address this gap, the Latin-American Bone Marrow Transplantation Group conducted a cross-sectional study to assess the current state of training programs in HCT and cellular therapy across the region. This study aimed to describe and analyze the availability, characteristics, and challenges of HCT training programs in Latin America, with a focus on identifying barriers and proposing solutions for improvement. A cross-sectional survey was sent to 127 recognized HCT centers across 14 Latin-American countries in December 2022. The survey collected data on institutional characteristics, training program structure, costs, and barriers to program development. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data, and comparative analyses were performed using Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests. Of the 127 centers surveyed, 50 (39%) responded, with the majority located in Brazil (34%) and Mexico (30%). Among the respondents, 64% (n = 32) offered formal training programs lasting 6 months or longer. The most significant barriers reported were lack of funding (n = 21), limited number of transplant procedures (n = 15), and a shortage of qualified professors (n = 11). Proposed solutions included increasing student mobility opportunities (n = 28), enhancing program quality (n = 27), and improving access to funding (n = 15). Only 6% of programs offered exposure to CAR-T therapy, and fewer than half of the centers provided international rotations. This study highlights significant disparities in HCT training programs across Latin America, with most countries lacking access to formalized training. While Brazil and Mexico serve as regional hubs, other nations have limited or no training opportunities. Addressing these gaps through increased funding, international collaborations, and standardized curricula is essential to improving HCT training and ultimately patient care in the region.