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Primary atomization of shear-thinning liquid jets: a direct numerical simulation study.

Marianne Abdelsayed1, Elias Trautner2, Jakob Berchtenbreiter2

  • 1University of the Bundeswehr Munich, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Institute of Applied Mathematics and Scientific Computing, Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39, 85577, Neubiberg, Germany. marianne.abdelsayed@unibw.de.

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Investigating shear-thinning liquid jets reveals that fluid behavior at the interface significantly impacts droplet size and shape during primary atomization. However, core jet velocity and volume fraction statistics remain largely unaffected.

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Multiphase Flow
  • Rheology

Background:

  • Primary atomization of liquid jets is crucial in many industrial applications, including fuel injection systems.
  • Understanding the influence of non-Newtonian fluid properties, such as shear-thinning, on atomization is essential for optimizing these processes.
  • Previous studies have often simplified fluid behavior, necessitating detailed investigations into shear-thinning effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the primary atomization of shear-thinning liquid jets into stagnant gas using direct numerical simulation.
  • To analyze the impact of different shear-thinning models (power-law and Carreau-Yasuda) on droplet characteristics compared to a Newtonian fluid.
  • To quantify changes in droplet volume, shape, and other properties during the atomization process.

Main Methods:

  • Direct numerical simulation (DNS) was employed to model the atomization process.
  • Newtonian fluid properties (Diesel-like) were used as a baseline, with two shear-thinning models (power-law, Carreau-Yasuda) investigated.
  • A novel tracking algorithm identified and recorded droplet characteristics (volume, surface area, center of mass) over time.

Main Results:

  • Shear-thinning behavior at the liquid-gas interface was found to influence droplet volumes and shapes.
  • Despite significant differences in mean viscosity between the tested models, first- and second-order velocity and volume fraction statistics of the core jet remained largely unchanged.
  • Probability density functions were used to compare droplet characteristics across different rheological models.

Conclusions:

  • The rheological properties of the liquid, specifically shear-thinning, play a significant role in the primary atomization of liquid jets.
  • While interface phenomena are sensitive to shear-thinning, the bulk flow characteristics of the jet core are less affected.
  • These findings contribute to a more accurate modeling of fuel injection and other atomization processes involving non-Newtonian fluids.