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Related Concept Videos

Pigmentation01:19

Pigmentation

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The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2025

Agarose-based Tissue Mimicking Optical Phantoms for Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy
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Absorption Coefficient Estimation of Pigmented Skin Phantoms Using Colorimetric Parameters.

Luismar Barbosa da Cruz Junior1,2,3, Kaio Bernardo de Barros1, Carlos Eduardo Girasol1

  • 1Laboratory of Biophotonics, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.

Applied Spectroscopy
|October 13, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed skin phantoms to accurately measure light-tissue interactions in pigmented skin. This advancement aids in understanding optical properties for tailored light-based dermatological treatments.

Keywords:
Spectroscopybiophotonicsindividual typology anglepigmented-mimic phantoms

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Optics
  • Photomedicine
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Light-based treatments are increasingly used, necessitating a deeper understanding of light-tissue interactions, especially in pigmented skin.
  • Accurate optical property assessment is crucial for optimizing light-based therapies and ensuring patient safety.
  • Existing methods for studying pigmented skin optics face challenges in standardization and ethical considerations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate pigmented-mimicking skin phantoms for assessing optical properties across various skin tones.
  • To establish a reliable method for quantifying light absorption and scattering in relation to skin pigmentation.
  • To provide a foundational tool for advancing light-based dermatological treatments for diverse skin types.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of eight skin phantoms using an epoxy resin matrix, compact facial powder, and titanium dioxide to simulate light, tan, brown, and dark skin tones (ITA 45.2° to -48.6°).
  • Measurement of absorption and reduced scattering coefficients using integrating spheres and calibrated spectrometers within the 500-900 nm spectral range.
  • Quantification of skin tones using a commercial colorimeter and correlation with Individual Typology Angle (ITA) values.

Main Results:

  • Successfully created skin phantoms that mimic the optical absorption and scattering properties of human skin across a wide range of tones.
  • Developed an experimental fitting model using an exponential function with a second-order polynomial exponent to estimate optical properties based on ITA values.
  • Demonstrated a correlation between measured optical properties and the individual typology angle, providing a quantitative link between skin tone and light interaction.

Conclusions:

  • The developed skin phantoms offer a reproducible and accurate method for studying light-tissue interactions in pigmented skin.
  • The proposed fitting model enables the estimation of optical properties as a function of skin tone (ITA), facilitating personalized treatment planning.
  • These findings support the advancement of light-based dermatological treatments and diagnostic applications for individual dermatological corrections in pigmented skin.