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Updated: Jun 10, 2025

CUBIC Protocol Visualizes Protein Expression at Single Cell Resolution in Whole Mount Skin Preparations
Published on: August 4, 2016
Biochemical characterization of the feedforward loop between CDK1 and FOXM1 in epidermal stem cells
Maria Pia Polito1, Alessio Romaldini1, Lorenzo Tagliazucchi2
1Centre for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari", Department of Life Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Glauco Gottardi 100, Modena, Italy.
None:
The complex network governing self-renewal in epidermal stem cells (EPSCs) is only partially defined. FOXM1 is one of the main players in this network, but the upstream signals regulating its activity remain to be elucidated. In this study, we identify cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) as the principal kinase controlling FOXM1 activity in human primary keratinocytes. Mass spectrometry identified CDK1 as a key hub in a stem cell-associated protein network, showing its upregulation and interaction with essential self renewal-related markers. CDK1 phosphorylates FOXM1 at specific residues, stabilizing the protein and enhancing its nuclear localization and transcriptional activity, promoting self-renewal. Additionally, FOXM1 binds to the CDK1 promoter, inducing its expression.We identify the CDK1-FOXM1 feedforward loop as a critical axis sustaining EPSCs during in vitro cultivation. Understanding the upstream regulators of FOXM1 activity offers new insights into the biochemical mechanisms underlying self-renewal and differentiation in human primary keratinocytes.
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