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Online Parenting Programs for Children's Behavioral and Emotional Problems: a Network Meta-Analysis.
Ana Catarina Canário1, Rita Pinto2, Marco Silva-Martins2
1Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen S/N, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal. anacanario@fpce.up.pt.
Summary
Online parenting programs effectively reduce child behavioral and emotional problems. Programs incorporating learning theory and parental self-care strategies show the strongest positive outcomes for parents and children.
Area of Science:
- Clinical Psychology
- Developmental Psychology
- Digital Health
Background:
- Online parenting programs are increasingly accessible for addressing child behavioral and emotional issues.
- Existing research confirms their benefits for child development, parenting practices, and parental mental health.
- Optimal online content delivery for these programs requires further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the effectiveness of online parenting programs in improving child behavior and emotional problems.
- To identify specific program components or clusters that yield the most significant positive effects.
- To address the knowledge gap regarding the most suitable online content for parenting interventions.
Main Methods:
- Conducted traditional and network meta-analyses of relevant research.
- Systematically searched major academic databases (PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane) following PROSPERO guidelines.
- Included data from 27 randomized controlled trials (N=5,312) identified from 8,292 retrieved records.
Main Results:
- Online parenting programs demonstrated moderate effect sizes in reducing child behavioral/emotional problems, improving parenting practices, and enhancing parental mental health.
- Programs based on learning theory, with or without parental self-care and 'parents as therapist' components, were most effective for child behavioral problems.
- Programs incorporating learning theory, parental self-care, and 'parents as therapist' approaches, with or without relationship perspectives, showed the strongest effects on child emotional problems.
Conclusions:
- Online parenting programs represent a promising intervention for improving child behavioral and emotional difficulties.
- Specific program components, particularly those grounded in learning theory and emphasizing parental self-care, are key to maximizing effectiveness.
- Further research is needed to understand contextual factors influencing program efficacy for parents and children.
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