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Diana Baumrind's four parenting styles — authoritarian, authoritative, neglectful, and permissive — each influence children's socio-emotional development differently.
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Psychophysiological Assessment of the Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Strategies in Childhood
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Online Parenting Programs for Children's Behavioral and Emotional Problems: a Network Meta-Analysis.

Ana Catarina Canário1, Rita Pinto2, Marco Silva-Martins2

  • 1Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen S/N, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal. anacanario@fpce.up.pt.

Prevention Science : the Official Journal of the Society for Prevention Research
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Summary

Online parenting programs effectively reduce child behavioral and emotional problems. Programs incorporating learning theory and parental self-care strategies show the strongest positive outcomes for parents and children.

Keywords:
Child behavioral problemsChild emotional problemsMeta-analysisOnline parenting programsParents’ mental healthParents’ parenting practices

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Area of Science:

  • Clinical Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Digital Health

Background:

  • Online parenting programs are increasingly accessible for addressing child behavioral and emotional issues.
  • Existing research confirms their benefits for child development, parenting practices, and parental mental health.
  • Optimal online content delivery for these programs requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of online parenting programs in improving child behavior and emotional problems.
  • To identify specific program components or clusters that yield the most significant positive effects.
  • To address the knowledge gap regarding the most suitable online content for parenting interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted traditional and network meta-analyses of relevant research.
  • Systematically searched major academic databases (PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane) following PROSPERO guidelines.
  • Included data from 27 randomized controlled trials (N=5,312) identified from 8,292 retrieved records.

Main Results:

  • Online parenting programs demonstrated moderate effect sizes in reducing child behavioral/emotional problems, improving parenting practices, and enhancing parental mental health.
  • Programs based on learning theory, with or without parental self-care and 'parents as therapist' components, were most effective for child behavioral problems.
  • Programs incorporating learning theory, parental self-care, and 'parents as therapist' approaches, with or without relationship perspectives, showed the strongest effects on child emotional problems.

Conclusions:

  • Online parenting programs represent a promising intervention for improving child behavioral and emotional difficulties.
  • Specific program components, particularly those grounded in learning theory and emphasizing parental self-care, are key to maximizing effectiveness.
  • Further research is needed to understand contextual factors influencing program efficacy for parents and children.