Pain in Biologic-Treated Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: The Role of Illness Perception Before and After the COVID-19...

We aimed to assess the role of the COVID-19 pandemic in the association of clinical, physical, and psychological factors with pain in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) patients.

We included 103 RA patients (81.6% females; mean age 56.1 ± 13.8 years). Patients filled out the VAS-pain, GAD-7, PHQ-9, MFI-20, and B-IPQ. Paired sample t-tests, correlations, and multiple regression analyses were used to analyse the data.

Our results showed significantly worsened pain in the data collected post-pandemic (p ≤ 0.05). Pre-pandemic, the final regression models showed an association between functional disability (β = 0.24; p ≤ 0.05), illness perception (β = 0.34; p ≤ 0.05) and pain. In post-pandemic models, significant associations were found between fatigue (β = 0.33; p ≤ 0.01) and illness perception (β = 0.36; p ≤ 0.01) with pain. Positive illness perception was able to alleviate the associations between fatigue and depression with pain before and after the pandemic.

Findings indicate that patients with RA may have been negatively affected by the COVID-19 pandemic given their vulnerability. Even though pharmacological treatment was not interrupted, post-pandemic results showed significantly higher levels of experienced pain. Therefore, in addition to biological therapy, non-pharmacological interventions, including psychological support aimed at diminishing negative illness perception, may be beneficial in reducing RA-related pain, especially when dealing with a crisis.