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[Epidemiological characteristics of hemorrhoids in a healthy physical examination population in China]
Chenghua Guo1, Xiaoyu Che1, Zhi Lin1
1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China.
Insights
Hemorrhoid prevalence in China is higher in females and increases with age in males, with hypertension and obesity as significant risk factors. These findings aid in targeted prevention and early intervention strategies for hemorrhoids.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Gastroenterology
- Public Health
Context:
- Hemorrhoids are a common condition with significant public health implications.
- Understanding the epidemiological distribution is crucial for effective prevention and management.
- Previous studies have not fully elucidated the prevalence across diverse demographics in China.
Purpose:
- To describe the epidemiological distribution of hemorrhoids in a large Chinese physical examination population.
- To identify demographic and clinical factors associated with hemorrhoid prevalence.
- To provide data for precision prevention and early intervention strategies.
Summary:
- A cross-sectional study of 2,940,295 adults in China revealed a higher hemorrhoid detection rate in females (43.7%) than males (17.7%).
- Prevalence showed an inverted U-shape in females (peak 30-39 years) and increased with age in males (peak 50-59 years).
- Hypertension and higher body mass index were significantly associated with increased hemorrhoid detection rates in both genders.
Impact:
- Identifies key risk factors including gender, age, hypertension, and obesity for hemorrhoids.
- Highlights high-risk subgroups, enabling targeted health education and early detection programs.
- Aims to reduce hemorrhoid incidence and improve quality of life in the Chinese population.
Objective:
To describe the epidemiological distribution of hemorrhoids in a physical examination population in China, which could provide evidence for precision prevention and early intervention of hemorrhoids.
Methods:
Chinese subjects over 18 years of age who underwent a physical examination in a nationwide chain of physical examination centers in 2018 were studied in a cross-sectional design, which collected information by a questionnaire and physical examination results from each subject. The epidemiological distribution of hemorrhoids was described using Logistic models. The gender-, age-, and region-detection rates of hemorrhoids were standardized to the Sixth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China (2010).
Results:
A total of 2 940 295 adult subjects were included in the study, of whom the average age was (41.7±14.0) years, and 52.6% were females. The standardized detection rate of hemorrhoids was higher for females (43.7%) than that for males (17.7%; P < 0.001) in this study. In the females, the age distribution of hemorrhoids was inverted U-shaped, with the highest standardized detection rate of hemorrhoids in the age group of 30-39 years (63.5%). In the males, the standardized detection rate of hemorrhoids increased along with age, with the highest percentage of 17.2% in the age group of 50-59 years, and the standardized detection rate of hemorrhoids in the age group of 60 and above decreased slightly (P < 0.001 for trend test). The participants with hypertension had a higher standardized detection rate of hemorrhoids than those with normal blood pressure in both males and females (P < 0.001). The standardized detection rate of hemorrhoids showed a positive correlation with body mass index (P < 0.001 for trend test in males).
Conclusion:
The detection rate of hemorrhoids varied to gender, age, obesity, and hypertension status, which could help to identify the risk factors and the high-risk sub-groups, and hence to strengthen health education and early detection accordingly, which could eventually reduce the incidence of hemorrhoids and improve the quality of life and health in the Chinese population. This study was conducted in a physical examination population, and the conclusions of this study should be extrapolated with caution.
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