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Updated: Jun 10, 2025
An Ex vivo Culture System to Study Thyroid Development
Published on: June 6, 2014
Functions and Mechanism of Thyroid Hormone Receptor Action During Amphibian Development
Emeric Louis1,2, Liezhen Fu2, Yun-Bo Shi2
1Unité Mixte de Recherche 7221, Département Adaptation du Vivant, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Alliance Sorbonne Universités, 75231 Paris, France.
Thyroid hormones and receptors (TRs) regulate vertebrate development. A dual function model explains how TRs repress or activate genes during frog metamorphosis, a process relevant to mammalian development and disease.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Developmental Biology
- Comparative Physiology
Background:
- Thyroid hormones and their receptors (TRs) are crucial for vertebrate development.
- Frog metamorphosis serves as a key model system for studying thyroid hormone functions, mirroring mammalian perinatal development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review findings on the developmental roles and mechanisms of thyroid hormones and TRs using the frog metamorphosis model.
- To highlight the dual function model of TRs in anuran development and its broader applicability.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing molecular and genetic studies on thyroid hormone signaling in amphibians.
- Analysis of the dual function model of thyroid hormone receptors (TRs).
Main Results:
- The dual function model proposes that unliganded TRs recruit corepressors to prevent premature metamorphosis during larval stages.
- Liganded TRs recruit coactivators upon rising thyroid hormone levels, initiating metamorphic changes.
- This model is supported by molecular and genetic evidence and is relevant to mammalian development.
Conclusions:
- The dual function model of TRs provides a framework for understanding thyroid hormone action in development and disease.
- Findings from amphibian metamorphosis offer insights into thyroid hormone signaling in mammals, including physiological roles and disease mechanisms.
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