Extracapsular Dissection Versus Traditional Parotid Surgery: A Comprehensive Review of Techniques and Outcomes

Parotid tumours, encompassing both benign and malignant forms, present significant challenges in surgical management. Traditional parotid surgery, including various forms of parotidectomy, has long been the standard approach, aiming for complete tumour removal while addressing potential complications such as facial nerve injury. However, extracapsular dissection (ECD) has emerged as an alternative technique, focusing on excising the tumour along with a thin layer of surrounding tissue, which may offer benefits in preserving healthy glandular tissue and reducing postoperative complications. This review comprehensively compares ECD and traditional parotid surgery techniques, evaluating their efficacy, outcomes, and associated complications. We analyse clinical studies and evidence to assess differences in tumour recurrence rates, facial nerve function preservation, and overall patient recovery. Additionally, the review explores the indications for each surgical approach, considering tumour characteristics and patient-specific factors. The findings suggest that while ECD may offer advantages in terms of reduced postoperative complications and improved preservation of glandular tissue, traditional parotidectomy remains a robust method for managing complex cases. This review aims to inform clinical decision-making by presenting a detailed comparison of both techniques, ultimately guiding surgeons in selecting the most appropriate approach for individual patients.